Intshayelelo
Kumaziko emizi-mveliso anamhlanje, iintambo zokudityaniswa kweerobhothi ezintsonkothileyo,{0}}iiplanti zeebhotile ezinesantya esiphezulu, iiplanti zokulungisa imichiza, kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto ezizenzekelayo zixhomekeke kuthungelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kwehardware yombane kunye noomatshini bomzimba. Embindini wale meko-bume elungelelanisiweyo kuhlala indawo yokusebenzela{2}}ngokukodwa, ikhabhathi yolawulo oluzenzekelayo.
Ukukhonza njengeziko le-nerve yengingqi yeenkqubo zemizi-mveliso, ikhabhinethi yokulawula izindlu zabalawuli bengqiqo (PLCs), abantu - ujongano lomatshini (HMIs), ii-frequency drives (VFDs), iirelays zokhuseleko, izixhobo zombane, kunye neebhloko zokusasazwa kwesiphelo. La macandelo aqhuba amawaka eedijithali kunye neempawu ze-analog rhoqo ngesekhondi ukuqhuba ii-motor, i-valve esebenzayo, kunye nokubeka iliso kwiinzwa zokhuseleko.
Ukuba indawo ebiyelweyo ye-automation idityaniswe ngokuzenzekela{0}kunye noqhagamshelo lwetheminali ekhululekileyo, iingcingo ezidityanisiweyo, ukumiswa komhlaba okungafanelekanga, okanye iithegi zocingo ezilahlekileyo{1}}iziphumo zinokuba mbi. Uqhagamshelo olunye olulambathayo lunokubangela ukuba umqondiso wethutyana wehle, uqalise ukumisa okungxamisekileyo okungachazwanga, kubangele-iisekethe ezimfutshane zevoltage, okanye kukhokelele kwiiyure zolungiso lweengxaki oluxabisa kakhulu ngexesha lokugunyaziswa kwesiza.
Ukuphelisa ezi mpazamo zabantu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombane oluphezulu, abakhi bephaneli, abahlanganisi benkqubo, kunye namagcisa ombane axhomekeke kuluhlu olucwangcisiweyo, lwesigaba{0}}nge{1}}soluhlu lokukhangela umgangatho. Ukulandela indibano engqongqo kunye noluhlu lokukhangela iingcingo kwikhabhinethi yolawulo nganye iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (efana ne-UL 508A kunye ne-IEC 60204-}1), ikhawulezisa ukufakwa kwentsimi, kwaye iqinisekisa amashumi eminyaka ekhuselekileyo, ukugcinwa kokusebenza kakuhle.
Phambili{0}}UkuCwangciswa kweNdibano kunye noLuhlu lokuQinisekisa lweCandelo
Ngaphambi kokuba i-spool enye yocingo lobhedu ikhutshwe, i-chassis ebonakalayo ye-enclosure kufuneka ilungiswe. Ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwesithuba kunye nokuxhonywa ngoomatshini okukhuselekileyo kuthintela ukuxinana komzimba, ukusilela kokungcangcazela kwesakhiwo, kunye neendawo ezishushu ezishushu.
ULungiselelo lweNdawo ebiyelweyo, ukucoceka, kunye neSithuba soThermal
Jonga i-Chassis evalekileyo: Qinisekisa ukuba indawo ebiyelweyo ihambelana neenkcukacha zeprojekthi malunga nemilinganiselo, iNEMA/IP yokulinganisa kokungena, kunye{0}}noqhelaniso lwehenjisi yocango. Qinisekisa ukuba i-backplate yangaphakathi icocekile, ayinakonakala, kwaye ayinazo iintsimbi zentsimbi okanye iintsalela zeoyile.
Ukunyanzeliswa koCwangciso lwe-Thermal: Phonononga ugcino-lwazi lomenzi wobushushu{0}}izinto ezivelisa ubushushu njenge-VFDs, iziguquli, kunye nonikezelo lombane. Qinisekisa ukuba izikhewu ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba zomoya zigcinwa ngokungqongqo malunga neesinki zobushushu ukunqanda ukufutha kwe-thermal.
UCwangciso Lunyanzelisiwe-UkuPhumelela komoya: Qinisekisa ukuba iifeni zokupholisa zephaneli, izihluzi zokukhupha, okanye izilungisi zomoya ezivaliweyo{1}}zibekwe ngendlela esengqiqweni{2}}zizoba umoya opholileyo kwiindawo zokungena ezisezantsi kunye nokukhupha umoya oshushu osuka phezulu kwekhabhathi.
I-DIN kaloliwe kunye noYilo lweCable Duct
Ukulinganisa Ubungakanani beCable Duct: Nyuka ububanzi, intambo yocingo efakwe kwiPVC ecaleni komjikelezo naphakathi kwemiqolo yecandelo. Qinisekisa ukuba imibhobho yobukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala zonke iikhondaktha ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nobuncinci ipesenti ezingamashumi amathathu zomthamo wevolumu womthamo wokongezwa kweengcingo kwixesha elizayo.
I-Anchor DIN Rails Ngokuqinileyo: Sika iintsimbi ze-DIN ngokucocekileyo, susa yonke imiphetho erhabaxa, kwaye uyikhusele kwiplate yangasemva usebenzisa{0}}izikrufu zomatshini womsebenzi onzima okanye iirivethi ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iireyile ze-DIN zihlala kwinqanaba elipheleleyo usebenzisa inqanaba lomoya.
Amacandelo eQela ngokuCwangcisiweyo: Lungiselela amacandelo ngengqiqo ngeklasi ye-voltage kunye nodidi olusebenzayo. Gcina aphezulu {{1}izixhobo zokusasaza amandla e-AC amandla (ezingundoqo zokuqhawula, abafowunelwa, iifuse) zodwa ukusuka -kwi-DC ephantsi abalawuli bengqiqo, izidluliseli ze-analog ezinovakalelo, kunye neemodyuli zonxibelelwano.
I-Anchoring yoomatshini kunye noLungelelwaniso lweCandelo
Qhosha-Kuqinisekiso: Mount PLCs, amakhadi e-I/O, iireyilayi, kunye nemicu yetheminali kwiireyile zeDIN. Qinisekisa ukuba icandelo ngalinye ithebhu yokutshixa ngoomatshini icofa ngokukhuselekileyo endaweni ukuze amalungu angakwazi ukutyibilika okanye avele acime ngexesha lohambo.
Inkxaso yecandelo elinzima: Khusela ii-transformers ezinkulu, ii-drive ezinzima, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okunzima ngokuthe ngqo kwi-backplate usebenzisa iibholiti ezizinikezeleyo zokuxhoma kunokuthembela kuphela kwiireyile ze-DIN.
Uluhlu lweeNgcingo eziCwangcisiweyo kunye noLuhlu lokuNyekisa
Inqanaba locingo limele owona msebenzi{0}}inxalenye enkulu yokwenziwa kwephaneli. Indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokukhetha iingcingo, ukulungiswa, ukuzulazula, kunye ne-torquing inqanda iziphene zombane kwaye yenza lula ukulungiswa komlambo.
Igeyiji yocingo, Umbala{0}}iMigangatho yokuKhowuda, kunye noKhuseleko
Qinisekisa Ubungakanani beNkokitha:-ireferensi{0}}ingqinisiso nganye yomnqamlezo{1}}ummandla wecandelo ngokuchasene nezicwangciso zeprojekthi kunye neetafile zekhowudi yombane. Qinisekisa ukuba iiconductors zondla iisekethe zesebe eziphambili, iimotor, kunye neentambo zamandla eziphambili zithwala-indawo yecandelo elaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukujongana nemithwalo epheleleyo eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutshisa ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukunyanzelisa Umbala Ongqongqo{0}}ImiGangatho yokuKhowuda: Landela ingingqi okanye iprojekthi{1}}imithetho yemibala egunyazisiweyo kuyo yonke iKhabhinethi yolawulo:
Mnyama: iintambo zombane ze-AC (iikhonduktha eziphilileyo).
Bomvu: Iisekethe zolawulo lwe-AC ({0}}iimpawu zolawulo lwe-AC eziphantsi{0}}zevoltage).
Blue: DC amandla kunye neesekethe zolawulo (positive kunye negative 24V DC imigca).
Mhlophe okanye oBhulu oKhanyayo: Iikondaktha ezingathathi hlangothi.
Luhlaza okanye Luhlaza ngoMtya oMthubi: Iikhondaktha zomhlaba eziKhuselekileyo (PE).
I-Orenji: Iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezihlala zinamandla naxa iswitshi engundoqo yokuqhawula ikhabhinethi icinyiwe.
I-Ferrule Crimping, Routing, kunye ne-Duct Organisation
IiFerrules eziMandatory Insulated: Iintambo zobhedu ezibotshwe ziphela ngokucocekileyo ngaphandle kokuhlaba imisonto nganye. Imibhobho yocingo egqunyiweyo yeCrimp kwisiphelo ngasinye socingo oluxineneyo kusetyenziswa isixhobo esilungelelanisiweyo, iratchet{1}}esimbo sokukrazula phambi kokufaka iingcingo kwizibophelelo zetheminali. Iziphelo zocingo olubharhileyo akufuneki zifakwe ngqo kwizikrufu iitheminali.
Ukucoceka koMbhobho wokuhamba: Hambisa zonke iikhondaktha ngokucocekileyo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufaka ucingo olusotyiweyo. Kuphephe ukuwela iingcingo phezu kwezixhobo okanye ukuqhuba iiconductors ngediagonally kwisithuba sephaneli evulekileyo. Gcina i-bends ecocekileyo ye-90-degree xa uphuma kwi-ducts ukungena kwiibhloko ze-terminal.
Kuphephe ukugqwesa-Ukugquma: Gcina iinyanda zocingo zicwangcisiwe usebenzisa i-spiral wrap or cable ties apho kuyimfuneko, kodwa kunqande ngaphezulu{1}}ukuqinisa izibophelelo ze-zip ukuya kwinqanaba lokucinezela okanye ukutyumza ukugquma ucingo.
I-Calibrated Terminal Torquing
Sebenzisa i-Calibrated Torque Screwdrivers: Ungaze uxhomekeke kwisigwebo esibonwayo okanye{0}}ukuqina kwesandla-sohlobo loqhagamshelwano lwetheminali. Faka i-torque echanekileyo echazwe ngabavelisi be-terminal usebenzisa i-screwdriver ye-torque elinganisiweyo. Ngaphantsi -izikrufu zetorque zenza{5}}indawo ezishushu ezikwaziyo ukuxhathisa ezibangela imililo yetheminali, ngelixa ngaphezulu -izikrufu ze-torque ziqhekeza izindlu zetheminali kunye nokuhluba imisonto yangaphakathi.
Ntwasahlobo-Uqinisekiso lwesiBamba: Ukuba usebenzisa intwasahlobo-ikheyiji okanye ukutyhala-kwiibhloko zetheminali, qinisekisa ukuba umqhubi utyhalelwe ngokupheleleyo kumngxuma wetheminali de inkqubo yangaphakathi yasentlakohlaza ibambene ngokupheleleyo kwikhola yeferrule.
Ukuleyibhelishwa, ukuQalwa, kunye noLuhlu lokuHlola lweMbonakaliso yoMqondiso
Ikhabhinethi yolawulo-edityaniswe kakuhle kufuneka ibe lula ukuhamba kwaye ikhuseleke kwinkonzo. Ukuleyibhile okufanelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso, ukudityaniswa komhlaba, kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane we-electromagnetic (EMI) zibalulekile kukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nengxaki{2}}ekusetyenzweni komqondiso simahla.
ICandelo loLawulo lokuFakwa kweeLayibhile kuShishino
Faka iileyibhile zeCandelo elisiGxina: Beka iilebhile ezicacileyo, zevinyl-zomatshini oprintiweyo kufutshane necandelo ngalinye elikwiplate yangasemva (amagama ethegi ahambelanayo kwiskim sombane, njenge "KM1", "PS1", okanye "PLC1"). Musa ukuncamathelisa iilebhile ngokuthe ngqo kumaqweqwe ecandelo anokutshintshwa, anokutshintshwa xa kulungiswa intsimi.
Phumeza eziMbini-Iziphawuli zocingo eziGqibeleleyo: Ubushushu beSilayidi{1}}bushwabana okanye iziphawuli zocingo olunomkhono kuzo zombini iziphelo zomqhubi ngamnye. Qinisekisa umbhalo ofundekayo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene okanye phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ubonisa kanye igama lomnatha okanye idilesi yephini eboniswe kwimizobo yeprojekthi.
Ileyibhile i-Interfaces zangaphandle: Qhoboshela igravoply esisigxina okanye i-phenolic nameplates kumnyango wangaphambili we-enclosure yazo zonke ii-HMIs, ii-pushbuttons, izibane zokulinga, ii-switch switches, kunye nezibambo eziphambili zangaphandle zokuqhawula.
Umhlaba oKhuselayo (PE) Ukudityaniswa kunye ne-Equipotential Grounding
Ukuseka i-Master Ground Busbar: Fakela indawo yebhasi yomhlaba ekhuselekileyo, eqinileyo yobhedu kufutshane nendawo yokungena yekhebula esezantsi yekhabhinethi.
Inkwenkwezi-I-Topology yokuQala: Qhagamshelana-iphaneli nganye, iplate yasemva exhomayo, ucango oluvalwe ngehenjisi, kunye ne-chassis yecandelo elibuyela kwi-master ground busbar usebenzisa izitsibi ezizinikeleyo eziluhlaza/emthubi. Ukuxhomekeka kwisinyithi esilula-uku{4}}uqhagamshelwano lwentsimbi phakathi kweeplati zasemva kunye nezakhelo ezivalekileyo akwanelanga ukumisa ukhuseleko.
Susa ipeyinti kwiindawo eziphantsi: Khuhla okanye ukhuphe ipeyinti engaqhubekiyo{0}ejikeleze izikhonkwane zomhlaba kunye nemingxunya exhonywayo ukuze uqinisekise isinyithi{1}}ku{2}}ukudityaniswa kwentsimbi xa uqhoboshela iilugi zokubeka phantsi. Faka iiwasha zeenkwenkwezi ukuthintela amandongomane ukuba angangcangcazeli akhululeke ekuhambeni kwexesha.
I-Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding
Ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni kwaMandla kunye neMigqaliselo yoMqondiso: Gcina umgama womzimba ubuncinci ubuncinci be-100 ukuya kuma-200 eemilimitha phakathi -yeentambo zombane ze-AC eziphezulu (ingakumbi i-VFD motor outputs) kunye novakalelo lwe-4-20mA okanye i-0-10V yeengcingo zesignali ye-analog. Apho amandla kunye nemigca yomqondiso kufuneka inqumle, ziqondise kwii-engile ezingqongqo ze-90-degree.
Ukupheliswa kweShield ngokufanelekileyo: Qhagamshela ikhaka elilukiweyo lesixhobo esikhuselekileyo kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano (ezifana neProfinet, RS{3}}485, okanye imigca ye-encoder) kwi-EMC ezinikeleyo yokuqinisekisa i-EMC kufutshane nendawo yokungena. Qinisekisa ukuba i-shield braid isekelwe kwi-360-degree clamp epheleleyo, kunokuba ujije i-braid ibe yi-"pigtail" yocingo olude, olusebenza njenge-eriyali kwingxolo ye-frequency ephezulu.
{0}Phambi koVavanyo lwaMandla kunye noLuhlu loQinisekiso loMgangatho
Inqanaba lokugqibela phambi kokuthunyelwa okanye ukunika amandla kwikhabhinethi yolawulo kubandakanya uvavanyo olungqongqo lokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kombane, ukhuseleko koomatshini, kunye nokucoceka kolwakhiwo.
Yalatha-ku{1}}Inqaku lokuQhubekeka kunye noVavanyo lokugquma
Indawo ebandayo-ukuya{1}kuVavanyo lweNqanaba: Ngekhabhinethi de{2}}yenziwe yanamandla ngokupheleleyo, sebenzisa imultimeter yedijithali ukuqinisekisa indawo{3}}ukuya{4}ukhomba ukuqhubeka ngokuchasene neschematics. Qwalasela zonke iingcingo ukusuka kwitheminali yomthombo ukuya kwitheminali ekuyiwa kuyo, uphawula uqhagamshelo olugqityiweyo kumzobo oyintloko wephepha.
Uvavanyo lwe-Insulation Resistance (Megger): Ukulinganisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-insulation phakathi kwabaqhubi besigaba, imigca engathathi hlangothi, kunye nenkqubo ekhuselayo yomhlaba usebenzisa i-high-i-voltage insulation tester (Megger). Qinisekisa ukuba amaxabiso okumelana nokugquma angaphezulu kakhulu kobuncinane bolawulo (oludla ngokufuna ubuncinci beMegohm eyi-1 okanye ngaphezulu) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zibhulukhwe zimfutshane zikhoyo kwiibhatyi zocingo.
Khangela iibhondi eziGround ezingajongwanga: Qinisekisa ukuba umbane we-0V DC wonikezelo lwamandla ombane oqhelekileyo kunye neebhasi ezingathathi hlangothi ziqhagamshelwe kumhlaba okhuselayo kuphela kwiindawo ezichongiweyo zokudibanisa enye.
I-Mechanical Tug{0}}Uvavanyo kunye noHlolo olubonakalayo
Yenza i-100% Tug{1}}Uvavanyo: Tsala ngokwasemzimbeni kwisiphelo ngasinye socingo oluyekiweyo usebenzisa umnwe ophakathi, oqinileyo umnwe. I-ferrule ekhuniweyo ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-clamp eqiniweyo ayiyi kuvelisa. Naluphi na ucingo oluphuncuka kwibhloko ye-terminal luveza{4}ibamba elibambekayo elingakrwelwanga kakuhle okanye i-ferrule engekho mgangathweni.
Hlola iNtshukumo yeeNcango kunye noLuhlu: Vala kwaye uqhoboshele iingcango zephaneli. Qinisekisa ucango lwangaphakathi{1}}izixhobo ezinyusiweyo (ii-HMIs, iimitha, iiswitshi) azimpintshi iintsimbi zangaphakathi okanye zingqubane nezinto ezinde kwiplate yangasemva.
Ukucocwa kokugqibela, uXwebhu, kunye nokutywinwa kwe-Enclosure
Vacuum i-Enclosure Ngaphakathi: Sebenzisa i-ESD-i-vacuum cleaner ekhuselekileyo ukususa zonke iintambo zocingo lwekopolo, uthuli, izithinteli zokugquma, kunye neefayili zentsimbi ezisuka ngaphakathi kwekhabhathi kunye nemibhobho yocingo. Ukuchetywa kwentsimbi okushiyekileyo kungamfutshane ngokulula kwiibhodi zeesekethe zombane ngexesha lokuqala amandla{2}}phezulu.
Qhoboshela izigqubuthelo zocingo lwePVC: Cofa zonke iifestile zePVC zocingo eziqinileyo ukuze ufihle iintambo zangaphakathi, ushiya ubuhle obucocekileyo nobungcali.
Ugcino lwamaxwebhu: Beka iphelele,{0}}ukuya{1}}ixesha iseti eprintiweyo "Njengokuba{2}}Kwakhiwe" i-schematics yombane ngaphakathi kwipokotho ecacileyo yomzobo yeplastiki encanyathiselwe kubuso obungaphakathi bocango olubiyelweyo.
UkuNgenelwa kwetywina: Qinisekisa ukuba yonke imingxunya yokunkqonkqoza engasetyenziswanga ifakelwe iiplagi ezingenanto ezilinganiselweyo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba igasket yocango ixinzeleleka ngokufanayo kwifreyimu xa ifakwe.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukwakha-ikhabhinethi yolawulo oluzenzekelayo yomgangatho yinkqubo ecokisekileyo efuna ulungelelwano lokuchaneka koomatshini, ubuchule bombane, kunye nobugcisa obuqeqeshekileyo. Ukudlula izinyuko ebudeni bendibano kukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kwendawo ebiza imali eninzi, iingozi zokhuseleko, nokulungiswa kwamabala okunzima endleleni.
Ngokuphumeza olu luhlu lubanzi lokukhangela{{0}olunwenwayo -locwangciso lokudityaniswa, iingcingo ezicwangcisiweyo, umbala osemgangathweni{2}}ukufakwa kweekhowudi, ukutolika okuchanekileyo, ukudityaniswa komhlaba owomeleleyo, unciphiso lwe-EMI, kunye novavanyo olungqongqo{3}}lokuqhubeka kombane{4}}kwiivenkile zephaneli kunye namaqela azenzelayo aseka ibhentshi engayekeleliyo.
Ukubambelela kwezi zenzo ezisemgangathweni kuguqula yonke ikhabhinethi yokulawula ukusuka kwingqokelela elula ye-hardware yombane ibe yindawo ethembekileyo, ekhuselekileyo, kunye ne-system process hub. Iiphaneli zolawulo ezinesiphumo zimelana nemekobume yemizi-mveliso erhabaxa, ziphumelele uhlolo olungqongqo lokhuseleko, zikhawulezise ukugunyaziswa kweziko, kunye nokuhambisa amashumi eminyaka yokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo okuthembekileyo.