Intshayelelo
Kwiindawo zoshishino zanamhlanje, ukuthembeka kwamandla kunye nokuchaneka komqondiso kubaluleke kakhulu. Izityalo zokudityaniswa ezizisebenzelayo kakhulu, iindawo zokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, amagumbi okucoca isemiconductor, kunye namaziko edatha axhomekeke kwiifom zamaza zombane ezichanekileyo ukuqhuba oomatshini abanzima, iingalo zerobhothi, kunye nezilawuli ezinengqondo ezicwangcisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwee-facades ezisebenza ngokutyibilikayo, izinto ezifihlakeleyo zombane zihlala zisenza ngokuzolileyo ngaphakathi kwisixhobo sokuhambisa. Phakathi kwezi zinto zingaqondakaliyo zingaqondakaliyo, ukuphakama kokuPhakathi-ukuya ku{4}}iVolti yeMhlaba (NEV){5}}ehlala ibizwa ngokuba yivoltheji elahlekileyo, i-netiter offset, okanye ingathathi hlangothi{6}}ku{7}}kumhlaba wamandla ombane{8}}imele omnye weyona miceli mngeni iphazamisayo neyonakalisayo ejongene nokugcinwa kombane namhlanje.
Embindini wesiseko sosasazo lwamandla kwiziko lemizi-mveliso kukho iKhabhinethi yoSabelo lwaMandla. Le ndawo ivalelekileyo isebenza njengeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo apho izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezingundoqo okanye i-transformer feeds ihla, yahlulwe, kwaye ihanjiswa ngee-breakers, ii-busbars ezingathathi hlangothi, kunye neebhasi ezisezantsi zokubonelela ngeemoto, izinto zokufudumeza, ukukhanya, kunye nothungelwano oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo. Xa i-NEV iphuhla ngaphakathi okanye emazantsi eKhabhinethi yoSasazo lwaMandla, ithoba ngokuzolileyo umgangatho wamandla, iphazamise unxibelelwano lwedijithali, ibangele iihambo zezixhobo ezingachazwanga, ikhawulezise ukonakaliswa kwe-insulation, kwaye iveze imingcipheko eqatha yokhuseleko kubasebenzi beplanti.
Ukuqonda ukuba kuvela njani i-NEV, ukuqaphela iimpawu zayo zomzimba nezedijithali, kunye nokuphumeza amaqhinga angqongqo okuxilonga kunye nokunciphisa ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSasazo lwaMandla ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokugcina ukusebenza kwemizi-mveliso okuzinzileyo, okukhuselekileyo, nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Iziseko zokungathathi hlangothi{0}}ukuya ku{1}}i-Earth Voltage (NEV)
Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni ukuphakama kokungathathi hlangothi{0}}ukuya{1}}kumhlaba wamandla ombane ebangela ukungazinzi kwenkqubo, umntu makaqale aseke isiseko sombane sethiyori -izigaba ezithathu, ezine{3}}ezine{3}} zothungelwano lwamandla ombane kwishishini.
Isiseko soMbane esiLungileyo
Kwinqanaba lesithathu{0}}elifanelekileyo lolungiselelo lombane, indawo esembindini yojiko-jiko lwesibini senza indawo yesalathiso engathathi ntweni, edityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kwi-electrode esisiseko yokumisa umhlaba. Phantsi kweemeko ezigqibeleleyo -apho{3}}isigaba sesithathu somthwalo silungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho -imithwalo engumtya ekhoyo{5}}isixa se-vector yemisinga ebuyayo nge-conductor engathathi hlangothi ilingana noziro. Ngenxa yoko, ukulinganisa umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwebhasi engathathi hlangothi kunye nebhasi yokumisa ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla kufuneka ivelise ufundo lweziro volts AC.
Ukulahlwa kweVoltage engathathi hlangothi vs. I-Offsets eyiNgozi
Kwimeko yokwenyani{{0} yofakelo lwemizi-mveliso yehlabathi, i-zero yokwenyani{1}}yevolthi enokubakho phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi kunye nomhlaba akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina. Ngenxa yokuba iiconductor zobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam ezingathathi hlangothi zinokuchasana okungokwemvelo kunye nokusabela kwe-inductive, nayiphi na imbuyekezo yangoku ebuyela umva kumthombo ivelisa ukuhla kombane ngobude bomqhubi ongathathi hlangothi ngokomthetho ka-Ohm.
Oku kuhla kwamandla ombane asebenzayo kudala umahluko onokulinganiseka phakathi kwetheminali engathathi hlangothi ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla wasekhaya kunye nereferensi yomhlaba ekude. Ngelixa i-voltage encinci yokunciphisa eyenziwe ngumthwalo oqhelekileyo wangoku ilindelekile, iingxaki zivela xa imisinga egqithisileyo, umxholo ophezulu we-harmonic, okanye iindlela eziphezulu zokuchasa umhlaba zityhala lo mahluko unokubakho ngaphaya konyamezelo olwamkelekileyo.
Imilinganiselo yoLawulo kunye neMilinganiselo yoShishino
Izikhokelo zombane ezisemgangathweni -ezifana ne-IEEE 1100 (Uqheliselo oluCetyisiweyo lokuXhobisa kunye nokuGqangisa iZixhobo zoMbane) kunye nemigangatho ye-IEC yamazwe ngamazwe{2}}incomela ngokubanzi ukuba{3}}ubume bokungathathi hlangothi{4}}ku{5}}iVolji yoMhlaba kwiiphaneli zokusasazwa kwesebe kufuneka zihlale zingaphantsi kweevolthi ze-2 ze-elektroniki. -izixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zobuchwephesha obuphezulu obujolise kubukhulu obuyi-1.0 volt AC.
Xa imilinganiselo ye-NEV ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSasazo lwaMandla ikhwela ngaphezulu kwe-3.0 ukuya kwi-5.0 volts AC, uthungelwano lolawulo lwedijithali luqala ukufumana iimpazamo zonxibelelwano ezidlulayo. Ukuba i-NEV idlula i-10 volts AC, ukuphazamiseka okumandla kokusebenza, ukusilela kwe-hardware kwangethuba, kunye neengozi ezinzulu zokhuseleko lombane ziba kufuphi.
Iingcambu ezibangela i-NEV ePhakamileyo kwiiNkqubo zoSasazo lwezoShishino
Unyuso oluphakathi{0}}ukuya{1}}umbane wasemhlabeni awufane uvele kwimpazamo enye. Endaweni yoko, iqhele ukuba sisiphumo esidityanisiweyo sokuhanjiswa komthwalo okulambathayo,{3}}umbane wangoku ongengomda wombane, iihardware zekhabhathi ezigugayo, kunye ne-topology engafanelekanga.
Ukungalungelelanisi kwiSigaba esinye{0}}somthwalo wemithwalo
Kwimizi-mveliso yemizi-mveliso, -izigaba ezithathu zomthwalo omkhulu (ezifana neenjini zombane ezinzima kunye nezicompressor) zisebenza ecaleni kwemithwalo yesigaba -eliqela (efana nolawulo oluncedisayo,{2}}iimpompo zesigaba esinye, ukubaleka kombane, kunye neendawo zokusebenza zekhompyutha). Ukuba abafakeli beplanti baqhagamshela uninzi kakhulu-umthwalo wesigaba esinye kumlenze wesigaba esinye ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla, ukulingana kwevektha yesigaba sesithathu{5}}siyawohloka.
Ukungalingani kwangoku okubangelwayo akunayo enye indlela kodwa ukubuyela kumthombo we-transformer ngokusebenzisa umqhubi ongathathi hlangothi. Njengoko oku kubuya okuphezulu kwangoku kunyanzelisa indlela yayo ngebhasi yebhasi engathathi hlangothi kunye neentambo zokuhambisa, ivelisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane alinganayo ecaleni komgca, iqhubela phezulu amandla ombane kwitheminali engathathi hlangothi enxulumene nomhlaba.
Phezulu-i-Frequency Harmonics eqhutywa yi-Non{1}}Linear Loads
Ukwanda kombane{0}}ongengomda wombane kwiindawo zale mihla zemizi-mveliso ngoyena mqhubi weNEV enzima. Izixhobo ezinje ngee-Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), umphambili osebenzayo{2}}isiphelo sesilawuli semoto, utshintshe{3}}ubonelelo lwamandla emowudi, iiplanti zokuwelda, kunye nezibane zokukhanyisa ze-LED zizoba ngoku ngequbuliso, ezingezizo{4}}i-sinusoidal pulses endaweni yamaza agudileyo, aqhubekayo.
Le misinga yepulsing yenza i-harmonic frequencies{0}}ngokukodwa ii-harmonics ezintathu (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, kunye nemiyalelo ephezulu). Ngokungafaniyo nesiseko se-60Hz okanye i-50Hz imisinga, ecima enye kwenye kwindlela yesigaba esithathu{8}}, imisinga ye-harmonic ephindwe kathathu yongeza ngendlela eyakhayo kwi-conductor engathathi hlangothi. Kwiindawo ezizenzekelayo ezizenzekelayo, okwangoku okungathathi hlangothi okuqhutywa yi-harmonics kunokwenene kunokugqithisa inqanaba elipheleleyo langoku lenkqubo. Lo msinga mkhulu, uphezulu{11}}umsinga wangoku udala ukuhla kwamandla ombane angaphaya kwebhasbar engathathi ntweni ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla, ibangela ukungathathi hlangothi okugqithisileyo{12}}ku{13}}ukunyuka kwamandla ombane emhlabeni.
Phezulu-Ukuchasa uQhagamshelwano oluPhakamileyo kunye nokuMhlwa
Ukuthotywa kwehardware ebonakalayo ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelweyo yamandla ngomnye unobangela oqhelekileyo. Iimeko zemizi-mveliso zihlala zisesichengeni sokungcangcazela komatshini obunzima obuvela koomatshini abangabamelwane, ukukhwela ibhayisekile eshushu (ukufudumeza phantsi komthwalo kunye nokupholisa ngexesha lokuvalwa), kunye nomsi ongcolisayo womoya okanye ukufuma.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, la mandla aguqukayo abangela izikrufu zetheminali enzima, iibholiti zebhasi ezingathathi hlangothi, kunye noqhagamshelo lwesondlo oluphambili ukukhulula, ukwenza i-oxidize, okanye ukugqwala. Ilugi exegayo idala indawo ephezulu yokudibana{1}}nokumelana. Njengeenzame zangoku ezingathathi hlangothi zokuwela lo mqobo uxhathisayo, ukuhla kwamandla ombane asekuhlaleni kukhula kuwo wonke udibaniso ngokwalo, luphakamisa yonke i-busbar engathathi hlangothi ezantsi ukuya kumbane onobungozi obunokubakho ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo olungafanelekanga kunye neeLophu eziphantsi komhlaba
Ulungelelwaniso olungafanelekanga lokumisa luhlala luyenza ibe mandundu imiba yamandla ombane angathathi ntweni. Iikhowudi zombane zesizwe zigunyazisa ngokungqongqo ukuba icondakta engathathi hlangothi kufuneka idityaniswe kumhlaba okhuselayo kwindawo enye kuphela{1}}ngokuqhelekileyo ekungeneni kwenkonzo yokuqala okanye kumjikelo wesibini wenyathelo elilodwa{2}}ezantsi isiguquli.
Ukuba kakuhle-amagcisa anentsingiselo afakele ngempazamo okungathathi hlangothi kwesibini{1}}ukuya{2}}kwibhondi yokutsiba ephantsi ngaphakathi komsinga{3}}ikhabhathi yokuhambisa amandla ezantsi, zenza iindlela zokubuya eziyeleleneyo zokungathathi hlangothi kwangoku. Izahlulo zangoku phakathi kwe-conductor engathathi hlangothi ecetyiweyo kunye nenethiwekhi ekhuselayo esisiseko, i-chassis yezixhobo ezenza amandla, ii-conduits zetsimbi, kunye neefreyimu zekhabhathi kulo lonke iziko elinombane olahlekileyo.
Iimpembelelo zokuSebenza kwiZixhobo zoShishino kunye naBasebenzi
Xa ungathathi cala-ukuya{1}}umbane wasemhlabeni unyuka ungaqwalaselwanga ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla, iziphumo zayo ezitshabalalisayo ziyanda kuyo yonke indawo yokuvelisa, echaphazela ingqiqo yedijithali, izixhobo eziphathekayo, kunye nokhuseleko lomntu.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye noRhwaphilizo loNxibelelwano
Imigca yemveliso yanamhlanje ezenzekelayo ixhomekeke kunxibelelwano lwedijithali oluphezulu-olufana ne-Ethernet/IP, iProfinet, i-Modbus, kunye ne-RS{3}}i-485 iilophu eziluthotho{4}}ukudlula imiyalelo yexesha lokwenyani phakathi koLawulo lweNgcaciso eLungiselelwayo (PLCs), izixhobo zoluvo, kunye neemodyuli ze-I/O ezikude. Ii-transceivers kula makhadi onxibelelwano lwedijithali zisebenzisa izingqinisiso zomhlaba wesignali yendawo ukwahlula phakathi kwe-high (binary 1) kunye ne-low (binary 0) i-voltage pulses.
Xa i-NEV ephakamileyo inika amandla umsebenzi womnatha osemhlabeni, yenza ingxolo eqhelekileyo-kwimowudi evuza kwinqwelo-moya yereferensi yeentambo zomqondiso. I-transceivers yedijithali ayinakukwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo amasuntswana edatha angenayo, ekhokelela kwiipakethi zedatha ezonakeleyo, iimpazamo ze-sensor "phantom" ezingapheliyo, ukumisa ngokukhawuleza komatshini ongxamisekileyo, kunye nokuvalwa kokulawula okungaqondakaliyo okukhubaza imveliso.
Ukungaphumeleli kwecandelo elingaphambi kwexesha kunye noxinzelelo lwe-Thermal
I-NEV ephakanyisiweyo kunye nemisinga yayo ephezulu engathathi hlangothi idala uxinzelelo olumandla lobushushu ngaphakathi kwehardware yokuhambisa. Ukungathathi hlangothi ngokugqithisileyo kubangela ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza okuxhathisayo ngaphakathi kweebhasi zebhasi ezingathathi hlangothi, iibhloko ze-terminal, kunye neentambo ze-feeder ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla.
Obu bushushu bugqithisileyo bunyibilikisa ukugquma kwentambo, kukhawulezise ukuthotywa kwezindlu ezikufutshane zezaphuli zesekethe, kwaye konakalise izinto eziethe-ethe zombane ezixhonywe kwiireyili ezikufutshane ze-DIN. Ngaphaya koko, iifrikhwensi eziphezulu ze-harmonic ezihamba kwisekethe engathathi hlangothi zikhokelela kwi-eddy currents ezilahlekileyo kwiipaneli ezirhangqileyo zentsimbi, ezibangela ukufudumeza kwendawo yendawo kunye nokusilela kokugquma kwesiguquli kwangaphambi kwexesha.
Iingozi zoKhuseleko lwaBasebenzi
Ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi lumele eyona nkxalabo ibaluleke kakhulu ejikeleze i-NEV ephakamileyo. Xa ukuvuza okungathathi hlangothi kwangoku kuthungelwano olusezantsi ngenxa yokungathathi hlangothi ngokungekho mthethweni{1}}kubhondi emhlabeni okanye ukupheliswa kwamandla ombane aqatha, indawo ebiyelweyo yentsimbi engaphandle yeKhabhinethi yoSasazo lwaMandla, intsimbi yesakhiwo esiqhagamshelweyo, kunye neefreyimu zoomatshini zisebenza ngamandla ombane alahlekileyo.
Umsebenzisi obamba isakhelo sekhabhathi esebenza ngamandla ngelixa kwangaxeshanye emi kumgangatho wekonkile emanzi okanye ebambe isiporo sentsimbi esisezantsi ugqibezela isekethi yombane, afumane uchuku olungalindelekanga{0}}lomothuko wevoltage. Kwiimeko eziphakamileyo-ezineempazamo, i-NEV ephakamileyo inokuphinda ibeke esichengeni ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwabaphuli beesekethe ngexesha leziganeko zempazamo emhlabeni, okonyusa umngcipheko wokuqhuma kwe-arc flash ngexesha lokufowunelwa kwesiqhelo.
IziCwangciso zokuNciphisa, ukuDinga, kunye noThintelo
Ukusombulula imiba ye-NEV kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo edibanisa uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lokuxilonga, ukulinganisa ipaneli, ukuhluza i-harmonic, kunye nokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho yombane.
Ulungelelwaniso lomthwalo olucwangcisiweyo
Inyathelo lokuqala lokunciphisa i-NEV ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi yoLwabiwo lwaMandla lenza uphicotho-zincwadi lwangoku ngokucokisekileyo kuyo yomithathu imilenze yesigaba esingenayo kusetyenziswa inyani-i-RMS yokulinganisa ibamba okanye isihlalutyi somgangatho wamandla wamatshaneli amaninzi.
Ukuba iisekethe zesebe zesigaba esinye{0}} zisasazwa ngokungalinganiyo, iingcibi zombane kufuneka ziphinde{1}zinike imidibaniso yeesekethe zesebe kuzo zonke iitheminali zesigaba ukulungelelanisa umthwalo okhoyo ngoku ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Imisinga yesigaba sokulinganisa inciphisa kakhulu imbuyekezo engathathi hlangothi yangoku, yehlisa ngokukhawuleza ukuhla kwamandla ombane ecaleni kwendlela engathathi hlangothi.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Harmonic kunye ne-Isolation Transformers
Xa-imithwalo engeyomda iqhuba imisinga engathathi hlangothi ye-triplen, ulungelelwaniso olulula lomthwalo alonelanga. Amaziko kufuneka asebenzise iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokucinezela i-harmonic:
K-I-Factor kunye ne-Zig-Iziguquli ze-Zag: Ukuhlohla i-delta{2}}i-wye isolation transformer okanye i-zig ezinikeleyo{3}}i-zag grounding transformer ethe ngqo phezulu phezulu kweKhabhinethi yoSahlulo lwaMandla ibamba ii-harmonics eziphindwe kathathu ngaphakathi kwe-delta ejikelezayo ephambili, inqanda phezulu{4}}izanjana eziqukuqelayo ukubuya umva ngokubuya umva.
Izihluzi ezisebenzayo zeHarmonic (AHFs): ii-AHFs zijonga imisinga ye-harmonic emgceni ngexesha lokwenyani{0}} kwaye zigalele ikhawuntari{1}}yenqanaba lemisinga ye-harmonic kwibar yebhasi engathathi hlangothi, irhoxisa{2}}isiphatho esingeyomda kunye nokubuyisela i-wave wave ecocekileyo, ethe tyaba engathathi hlangothi.
ULondolozo lweKhabhinethi kunye nokuNxibelela uQhagamshelwano
Ulondolozo oluthintelwayo lweKhabhinethi yoLwabiwo lwaMandla lubalulekile ekupheliseni ukuchasana nokungathathi hlangothi. Amaqela ogcino kufuneka aqalise izikena zemifanekiso eshushu ngamaxesha athile esebenzisa iikhamera ze-infrared ukubona iindawo ezishushu ezingaqhelekanga kwiibhasi ezingathathi ntweni, ukupheliswa kweelugi, kunye nezaphuli-mthetho eziphambili.
Ngexesha lokuvalwa kweplanti okucwangcisiweyo, amagcisa kufuneka asebenzise i-calibrated torque wrenches ukuphinda{0}}torque zonke izikrufu zoomatshini eziyekiswayo kwiinkcukacha zefektri, ukususa nayiphi na i-oxidation yendawo kunye nokusebenzisa i-anti{1}}i-corrosion conductive intlama kwi-aluminiyam{2}ukuya{3}}kwisiphambuka sobhedu.
UQinisekiso oluQalayo kunye {{0}neNqaku eliNye Imfezeko
Okokugqibela, amagcisa kufuneka aphicothe ngokungqongqo ulwakhiwo olusisiseko ukuqinisekisa ukuba -inqaku elinye elingathathi hlangothi{1}}lomhlaba obambeneyo nemfezeko:
Hlola ingaphakathi kuyo yonke iKhabhinethi yoSasazo lwaMandla ezantsi ukuze uqinisekise ukuba i-busbar engathathi hlangothi ihlala yodwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-chassis ebiyelweyo yentsimbi kunye nebhasi yomhlaba ekhuselayo.
Susa nakuphi na ukungathathi hlangothi okungagunyaziswanga-ku{1}}ikhonkco lokutsiba eliphantsi elibekwe ezantsi komnyango wenkonzo ongundoqo okanye isiguquli sokwahlula sasekuhlaleni.
Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezicocekileyo, ezizinikeleyo zokumisa izixhobo zisebenza ngokuthe ngqo ecaleni kwesigaba kunye neentambo ezingathathi hlangothi ngaphakathi komjelo wesinyithi ofanayo ukunqanda iilophu ezijikelezayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukungathathi cala-ku{1}}imicimbi yamandla ombane asemhlabeni sisoyikiso esibi, esihlala singajongwa ngendlela engeyiyo kumaziko emizimveliso anamhlanje. Iqhutywa kukungalingani komthwalo wesigaba esinye,{4}}i-harmonic egqwethekileyo kwii-electronics ezingeyo-linear, uqhagamshelo oluphezulu{5}}lokumelana, kunye neebhondi ezisezantsi ezingafanelekanga, i-NEV ephakamileyo ijongela phantsi ngokuzolileyo ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokhuseleko lwesiza.
Njengombindi wemithambo-luvo yothungelwano lwamandla emizi-mveliso, iKhabhinethi yoLwabiwo lwaMandla isebenza njengeyona ndawo iphambili apho oku kudityaniswa kombane ongathathi hlangothi kubonakaliswa kunye nendawo ephambili apho kufuneka kusetyenziswe ulawulo olusebenzayo.
Ngokwenza uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lwe-infrared thermal, ukunyanzelisa umthwalo ongqongqo{0}}ukwenza ulungelelwaniso, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhluza i-harmonic, ukugcina ukucaciswa kwe-torque ye-busbar, kunye nokugcina imfezeko enye{1}}yesiseko engathathi hlangothi, abaphathi beplanti kunye neenjineli zombane banokuphelisa ngempumelelo ukungathathi hlangothi okuyingozi. Ukunciphisa okungathathi hlangothi{3}}ukuya{4}}kumhlaba wamandla ombane kuqinisekisa imiqondiso yolawulo oluzinzileyo, ikhusela iziseko zombane ezibalulekileyo, ithintela ukwehla kwexesha elingalindelekanga lemveliso, kwaye iqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo yabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso.